Cardiologist
Physicians & Surgeons
Cardiologists diagnose, treat, manage, and prevent diseases or conditions of the cardiovascular system. They may further subspecialize in interventional procedures such as balloon angioplasty and stent placement, echocardiography, or electrophysiology, evaluating heart conditions through diagnostic testing and developing comprehensive treatment plans for cardiac patients.
Working conditions
These physicians typically work in hospitals, cardiology practices, or cardiac care centers where they perform consultations, diagnostic procedures, and sometimes interventional treatments. Work involves catheterization laboratories, cardiac imaging facilities, and patient consultation offices, often requiring on-call availability and irregular hours to respond to cardiac emergencies and urgent patient needs.
Academic requirements
This occupation requires a medical degree (MD or DO), completion of a 3-year internal medicine residency, and an additional 3-year cardiology fellowship. State medical licensure and board certification in cardiology through the American Board of Internal Medicine are required. Many pursue additional subspecialty fellowship training in areas like interventional cardiology or electrophysiology.
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Typical salary range
$122K - 239K
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Years Higher Education
13 - 14
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Job Outlook
Good